What is transverse myelitis?
Transverse myelitis is a neurological condition in which a section of the spinal cord becomes inflamed. The inflammation occurs in the insulating layer, called "myelin," that covers the nerves. Damage to the myelin causes the nerves not to work properly.
The word "transverse" describes the inflammation being located across the width of the spinal cord. Exactly where the inflammation is in the spinal cord determines which parts of the body will be affected. The inflammation usually occurs in the thoracic region of the spine, located in the upper back. Damage in one area can affect both that area and the areas below it.
Symptoms usually appear within a few hours and can last for up to several weeks.
Symptoms
Depending on the area affected, symptoms may vary from person to person:
- Pain: Depending on where the inflammation is, it may start suddenly in the neck or back and may spread to the arms, chest, abdomen and legs.
- Sensory changes: Numbness, tingling, burning or a feeling of cold may occur.
- Loss of strength: The legs may feel heavy and walking may become difficult. Stumbling may occur because the foot drops downward. Some people may develop muscle stiffness or spasticity; paralysis may occur in more serious cases.
- Bladder and bowel problems: Bladder and bowel control and function may be affected.
Is recovery possible?
Depending on the severity of the inflammation, a person may recover completely; however, more lasting loss of function may occur in some people. Most people experience this condition only once, and it can occur at any age and in any sex.
The exact cause of transverse myelitis is not fully known. Viruses, infections, multiple sclerosis or immune system disorders are among the possible causes.
Treatment and orthotic support
Depending on severity, anti-inflammatory medications, drug treatments aimed at relieving symptoms and rehabilitation therapy are the main approaches. When problems such as difficulty walking, muscle stiffness or spasticity are present, orthotic fitting may be considered.
Orthoses may be used to support posture and alignment, to make walking easier in conditions such as foot drop and to make daily living activities safer. In foot drop, ankle-foot orthoses are frequently considered; similar walking difficulties are also a topic covered in orthotic fitting after stroke. The appropriate type of orthosis and fitting plan vary according to the person's affected area, muscle strength and general level of function.
Orthotic fittings are planned in line with the specialist physician's assessment and prescription. The right support and regular follow-up may contribute to the rehabilitation process progressing efficiently.
This content is for informational purposes only; you should consult your physician for diagnosis and treatment.
