What are arm and hand prostheses?
Arm and hand prostheses are devices designed for people who have lost part or all of an upper limb (fingers, hand, arm, elbow or shoulder) due to injury, accident or illness, and for people with a congenital limb difference. All of these solutions are covered under arm and hand prostheses. These devices, also called upper limb prostheses, can take different forms, ranging from simple, natural-looking passive hands to technology-based solutions that can mimic many hand movements.
These devices aim to help people with a limb difference regain mobility and independence, return to their daily activities and support their quality of life.
What can a prosthetic arm or hand provide?
Although prosthetic arms and hands cannot replace a natural limb exactly, they can support users in various ways. A suitable device may contribute to carrying out daily tasks, returning to working life and increasing independence.
In addition to physical support, these devices may also help emotionally and psychologically; they may contribute to adapting to life after limb loss, rebuilding self-confidence and supporting a sense of self-worth.
Main types of prostheses
Upper limb prostheses are generally considered in three main groups; these groups can be assessed together with the approach of upper limb prostheses by amputation level. Each has its own functions and areas of use. The appropriate choice varies according to the person's needs, goals, daily activities and the size, shape and position of the residual limb.
- Cosmetic (passive) prostheses: Designed to provide a natural appearance. They can be made to match the person's skin color and physical features. Although they generally do not offer active hand function, they may help many users feel more comfortable in social settings.
- Body-powered prostheses: Controlled by specific movements the user makes with the shoulder, chest or residual limb. They use cables, pulleys and a special harness system. Known for their durability and strength, these devices may be suitable for holding, lifting and heavy daily activities.
- Myoelectric prostheses: Battery-powered devices controlled by the user's own muscle signals. Electrodes on the residual limb detect muscle impulses and convert them into finger movements and grip patterns.
How do myoelectric prostheses work?
In myoelectric devices, surface electrodes on the residual limb read the electrical signals generated when the muscles contract. These signals are processed and converted into movements such as opening and closing the hand or different grip types. Some solutions can be used with more than one electrode, and different speed and switching modes can be adjusted according to the person's needs. In this way, precise movements for various daily tasks may become possible.
Prosthetic fitting process
No user's needs are exactly the same as another's; therefore every prosthetic arm and hand should be adapted specifically for the person who will use it. The right device is determined according to the limb difference, lifestyle and preferred activities.
Fitting is a team effort carried out in line with a specialist physician's prescription and medical report. This team includes the user, the physician or surgeon, physical therapy and occupational therapy specialists, and a certified clinician specially trained in prosthetic fitting. Working together, the team determines the appropriate components and creates a safe, comfortable solution.
This content is for informational purposes only; you should consult your physician for diagnosis and treatment.
