Dynamic AFO (DAFO)
An AFO approach that aims to guide the foot and ankle in a controlled way while allowing flexibility in the areas where it is needed.
What does dynamic AFO mean?
A dynamic AFO is a design approach within the AFO (ankle-foot orthosis) class, which covers the ankle and foot, that focuses on controlled movement and flexibility. In this content, the abbreviation DAFO is used to mean dynamic ankle-foot orthosis; it does not refer to a single product or a single standard design.
The dynamic characteristic may come from a thin, flexible thermoplastic shell, from range of motion left free in certain areas or from the spring properties of a composite material. For this reason, it is not correct to describe every carbon AFO as a DAFO, or every DAFO as a carbon orthosis.
How does it differ from a rigid AFO?
While a rigid AFO tends to restrict ankle movement more markedly, a dynamic AFO can allow controlled flexing or movement in the targeted directions. This difference depends not only on the material but also on the orthosis's geometry, thickness, trim lines and structure around the ankle.
- Rigidity and flexibility are adjusted to the individual.
- The three-dimensional alignment of the foot and heel control are addressed together.
- Undesired movement can be restricted while the desired movement is supported.
Points considered in the design
Foot alignment
The position of the heel, midfoot and forefoot relative to each other is assessed three-dimensionally.
Ankle movement
It is determined how much movement will be allowed, or how much resistance will be provided, in which direction.
Muscle tone
The effect of variable muscle tone and involuntary movements on contact areas is taken into account.
Effect on the knee
How the ankle angle and sole geometry affect the position of the knee during the stance phase is examined.
Sensation and skin
Pressure tolerance, sweating, reduced sensation and skin integrity influence the choice of material and the design of the edges.
Daily activity
Goals for use at home, at school, at work, in therapy and outdoors can be addressed separately.
The dynamic structure is not one-size-fits-all
The groups below explain the working approach; the suitable structure is determined by individual assessment.
Flexible thermoplastic structure
It can be custom-made to hold the foot in close contact while allowing controlled flexing in specified areas.
Jointed dynamic structure
A joint or flexible section around the ankle can allow movement in one direction while providing restriction in the other.
Composite spring structure
The bending and recoil properties of a composite material can be used to support the swing and progression phases of the step.
Dynamic AFOs in children
In children, dynamic AFOs can be planned by assessing foot alignment, muscle tone, joint movement and motor development goals together. A more flexible structure does not mean it is more suitable for every child; the level of control needed is determined by examination and movement analysis.
As growth, shoe size, activity level and therapy goals change, the fit of the orthosis is reassessed.
- Pressure areas on the heel and toes are monitored.
- Shortening and tightness due to growth are checked.
- Walking goals are addressed together with the physiotherapy plan.
From assessment to follow-up
Setting goals
Goals for standing, walking, balance, alignment and daily use are clarified.
Measurement and design
The shape of the foot and lower leg is captured; flexibility, trim lines and contact areas are planned.
Trial and movement check
The control provided by the orthosis while standing and walking, the fit with the shoe and the skin contact areas are observed.
Gradual use
The duration of use is increased gradually; skin, comfort and movement goals are reassessed at regular check-ups.
Frequently asked questions
Are DAFO and AFO different anatomical classes?
No. Dynamic designs referred to as DAFOs belong to the AFO class because they cover the ankle and foot. The word dynamic describes how the design works, not its anatomical level.
Is every dynamic AFO made of carbon material?
No. Dynamic behavior can be achieved through thermoplastic flexibility, a joint structure, a composite spring or a combination of these.
Is a more flexible orthosis always more comfortable?
Flexibility on its own is not a criterion of suitability. A structure that is more flexible than necessary may not provide enough control, while one that is stiffer than necessary may adversely affect movement and comfort.
This content is for information purposes; it does not replace a diagnosis or an individual device recommendation. The design and plan of use are determined in line with a specialist physician's assessment and prescription/medical report.