What is spina bifida?
Spina bifida is a congenital neural tube defect that occurs when the spinal cord and the structures surrounding it do not close completely during development in the womb. Findings may vary from person to person depending on the affected area and the severity of the condition. Early diagnosis and appropriate follow-up play an important role in supporting the child's development.
Types and symptoms
Spina bifida can occur in different forms:
- Spina bifida occulta (closed form): There is a small opening in the spine, but no protrusion. It usually has a milder course.
- Meningocele: Only the membrane structures form an outward sac.
- Myelomeningocele (open form): It involves protrusion of the spinal cord and membranes and may lead to more pronounced neurological findings.
Possible symptoms may include swelling in the lower back area, weakness or changes in sensation in the legs, and problems with bladder and bowel control.
Causes and diagnosis
Although the exact cause of spina bifida is not fully known, insufficient folic acid intake during pregnancy, genetic predisposition and certain chronic conditions are considered risk factors. Diagnosis is mostly made by ultrasound during pregnancy, and after birth by examination and imaging methods.
Orthotic and rehabilitation approach
Walking and movement skills may differ according to the affected level. In this process, physical therapy, rehabilitation and, when necessary, an orthosis or walking aids may come into consideration. Because additional problems in the hip joint may be seen depending on the affected area, approaches applied in conditions such as congenital hip dislocation may also be considered. The choice and fitting of a suitable orthosis are planned in line with the relevant specialist physician's assessment, prescription and medical report; devices for walking and movement support are addressed within the scope of prosthetic and orthotic fittings for children. The process is usually carried out with a team approach involving various specialties.
This content is for informational purposes; you should consult your physician for diagnosis and treatment.
