What is a leg prosthesis and how does it work?
A leg prosthesis is a medical device used to support people who are missing all or part of a lower limb (hip, knee, foot or toes) due to injury, accident, illness or a congenital condition. When applied appropriately, it may contribute to mobility and independence and may make returning to daily activities and working life easier. You can find the main topics by amputation level on the Prosthetic Legs page.
Lower limb prostheses come in various designs and formats to suit different user needs, activity levels and goals.
The basic parts of a prosthetic leg
Depending on the user's needs and the amputation level, a prosthetic leg consists of different components:
- Socket and liner: The most individual part of the prosthesis. As explained in the article on what a silicone liner is for, the liner is worn directly on the limb and protects the residual limb; together with the socket and correct fit, it provides a secure connection.
- Prosthetic knee: For users with an above-knee amputation, it takes on most of the leg's movement and balance; depending on the types of prosthetic knee joints, it functions differently in situations such as walking, stairs and ramps.
- Prosthetic foot: Has varying levels of stiffness, flexibility and responsiveness for different activity levels; it aims for a balanced and supported walking experience.
Main types of leg prostheses
Two basic approaches stand out in lower limb prostheses.
Mechanical prosthetic legs and feet: Use hydraulic and similar mechanisms to provide the balance and support users need to stand, walk and carry out their daily activities. With their durable and reliable construction, they meet basic mobility needs.
Microprocessor (microprocessor-controlled) prosthetic legs and feet: Sensor-based devices in which computerized systems, sensors and hydraulics work together. They can imitate natural walking movement and can offer dynamic movement that adapts to different surfaces, walking speeds and situations.
Which type is suitable varies according to the person's limb difference, activity level and general health condition and is determined by the specialist physician's assessment.
The individual fitting process
No two users have the same needs; therefore, each prosthetic leg is customized according to the limb difference, lifestyle and preferred activities of the person who will use it. This process is not just a matter of choosing a device; it is individual work that includes measurement, alignment and trial stages.
Finding and creating the appropriate solution requires teamwork. This team usually includes:
- The user themselves
- The relevant physician or surgeon
- Physical therapy and occupational therapy specialists
- A certified prosthetist-orthotist (prosthetist)
Prosthetic applications are planned in line with the specialist physician's prescription and medical report; the rehabilitation process is an important stage for getting used to the device and improving function.
This content is for informational purposes; you should consult your physician for diagnosis and treatment.
