The socket is a custom-made component that provides the connection between the remaining limb (residual limb) and the prosthesis and directly affects the comfort of prosthesis use. Active vacuum socket systems are an approach aimed at improving socket fit in below-knee (transtibial) and above-knee (transfemoral) amputations. This content explains, in general terms, the working principle and possible effects of active vacuum systems.
How active vacuum systems work
Active vacuum systems use a pump unit. During the person's natural walking pattern, air is actively pumped out of the socket and a vacuum is created between the suspension sleeve and the liner. This vacuum supports socket fit by providing a tight and balanced connection between the residual limb and the socket.
A socket that does not fit comfortably can negatively affect the health of the remaining limb and the person's quality of daily life. The active vacuum approach aims to keep this connection more stable throughout the day; unlike passive vacuum socket systems, it works with a pump unit, and it shares the same basic principle as active vacuum suspension systems.
Volume management
Volume fluctuations may occur in the remaining limb during the day. The extent of this fluctuation depends on various factors such as the condition of the connective tissue, age, vascular diseases, and the type and fit of the socket. Studies have shown that active vacuum solutions reduce volume loss in the remaining limb throughout the day and help minimize volume fluctuations. In this way, the aim is for socket fit to remain more stable.
Skin protection
Excessive movement inside the socket can lead to wounds and abrasions on the skin. In active vacuum systems, the remaining limb is held more securely inside the socket. The tight fit may help protect the skin and reduce the risk of skin damage by reducing shear forces.
Effect on proprioception
Achieving correct foot placement with every step and sensing the relative position of the prosthesis are important for reducing the risk of tripping and falling. Reduced movement inside the socket may help the person better feel the feedback coming through the prosthesis and thus help support proprioception (the sense of body position).
Points to consider
The choice of socket type and vacuum system varies according to the person's activity level, the characteristics of the residual limb and their general health. Therefore:
- Fitting should be carried out in line with a specialist physician's prescription and medical report.
- Socket fabrication and fitting are planned on a custom-made basis.
- If redness, wounds or discomfort on the skin are noticed during use, the relevant healthcare facility should be consulted.
Some research has produced findings suggesting that the active vacuum approach supports blood circulation in the remaining limb; however, results may vary from person to person.
This content is for informational purposes only; for diagnosis and treatment, you should consult your physician.
